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Bindings for the C standard library and other platform libraries
**NOTE:** These are *architecture and libc* specific. On Linux, these
bindings are only correct for glibc.
This module contains bindings to the C standard library, organized into
modules by their defining standard. Additionally, it contains some assorted
platform-specific definitions. For convenience, most functions and types
are reexported, so `use libc::*` will import the available C bindings as
appropriate for the target platform. The exact set of functions available
are platform specific.
*Note:* Because these definitions are platform-specific, some may not appear
in the generated documentation.
We consider the following specs reasonably normative with respect to
interoperating with the C standard library (libc/msvcrt):
* ISO 9899:1990 ('C95', 'ANSI C', 'Standard C'), NA1, 1995.
* ISO 9899:1999 ('C99' or 'C9x').
* ISO 9945:1988 / IEEE 1003.1-1988 ('POSIX.1').
* ISO 9945:2001 / IEEE 1003.1-2001 ('POSIX:2001', 'SUSv3').
* ISO 9945:2008 / IEEE 1003.1-2008 ('POSIX:2008', 'SUSv4').
Note that any reference to the 1996 revision of POSIX, or any revs between
1990 (when '88 was approved at ISO) and 2001 (when the next actual
revision-revision happened), are merely additions of other chapters (1b and
1c) outside the core interfaces.
Despite having several names each, these are *reasonably* coherent
point-in-time, list-of-definition sorts of specs. You can get each under a
variety of names but will wind up with the same definition in each case.
See standards(7) in linux-manpages for more details.
Our interface to these libraries is complicated by the non-universality of
conformance to any of them. About the only thing universally supported is
the first (C95), beyond that definitions quickly become absent on various
platforms.
We therefore wind up dividing our module-space up (mostly for the sake of
sanity while editing, filling-in-details and eliminating duplication) into
definitions common-to-all (held in modules named c95, c99, posix88, posix01
and posix08) and definitions that appear only on *some* platforms (named
'extra'). This would be things like significant OSX foundation kit, or Windows
library kernel32.dll, or various fancy glibc, Linux or BSD extensions.
In addition to the per-platform 'extra' modules, we define a module of
'common BSD' libc routines that never quite made it into POSIX but show up
in multiple derived systems. This is the 4.4BSD r2 / 1995 release, the final
one from Berkeley after the lawsuits died down and the CSRG dissolved.